Number Analogy Questions with solutions pdf

Table of Contents

Arithmetic-Based Number Analogy

Arithmetic-based number analogy involves numbers that follow a specific arithmetic operation, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division. The relationship between the first pair of numbers is applied to the second pair to find the missing number.

Types of Arithmetic-Based Number Analogy:

1️⃣ Addition-Based Analogy

Example: 7 : 12 :: 10 : ?
Solution: $7 + 5 = 12$ , so $10 + 5 = 15$
Answer: 15

2️⃣ Subtraction-Based Analogy

Example: 20 : 15 :: 18 : ?
Solution: $20 - 5 = 15$ , so $18 - 5 = 13$
Answer: 13

3️⃣ Multiplication-Based Analogy

Example: 4 : 16 :: 5 : ?
Solution: $4 \times 4 = 16$ , so $5 \times 5 = 25$
Answer: 25

4️⃣ Division-Based Analogy

Example: 30 : 5 :: 42 : ?
Solution: $30 \div 6 = 5$ , so $42 \div 6 = 7$
Answer: 7

5️⃣ Mixed Operations Analogy

Example: 6 : 18 :: 7 : ?
Solution: $6 \times 3 = 18$ , so $7 \times 3 = 21$
Answer: 21

Quick Trick to Solve Arithmetic-Based Number Analogies:

✅ Check if numbers are related by addition/subtraction.
✅ If they are growing fast, check multiplication.
✅ If they are decreasing, check division.
✅ If no single rule works, try a combination of operations.

Square-Based Number Analogy

A square-based number analogy follows a pattern where numbers are related by squaring or square roots. The relationship between the first pair of numbers applies to the second pair.

Types of Square-Based Number Analogy:

1️⃣ Direct Squaring Analogy

Example: 5 : 25 :: 6 : ?
Solution: $5^2 = 25$ , so $6^2 = 36$
Answer: 36

2️⃣ Square Root Analogy

Example: 49 : 7 :: 81 : ?
Solution: $49=7\sqrt{49} = 7$ , so $81=9\sqrt{81} = 9$
Answer: 9

3️⃣ Square Number Difference Analogy

Example: 9 : 25 :: 16 : ?
Solution: Difference between squares:
$3^2 = 9, 5^2 = 25$ → Difference is 16
$4^2 = 16, 6^2 = 36$ → Next number 36
Answer: 36

4️⃣ Sum of Square Digits Analogy

Example: 23 : 13 :: 45 : ?
Solution: $2^2 + 3^2 = 4 + 9 = 13$ ,
$4^2 + 5^2 = 16 + 25 = 41$
Answer: 41

Shortcut Rules to Identify Square-Based Analogies:

✅ If numbers are growing quickly, check squares.
✅ If numbers are decreasing, check square roots.
✅ If there’s a gap between numbers, check for square number differences.
✅ If digits are involved, check sum of squared digits.

Prime Number Analogy

A prime number analogy follows a pattern where numbers are either prime numbers themselves or related to prime numbers in some way. The relationship in the first pair of numbers is applied to the second pair to find the missing number.

Types of Prime Number Analogy:

1️⃣ Next Prime Number Analogy

Example: 3 : 5 :: 7 : ?
Solution: The next prime after 3 is 5, and the next prime after 7 is 11.
Answer: 11

2️⃣ Previous Prime Number Analogy

Example: 19 : 17 :: 13 : ?
Solution: The prime number before 19 is 17, and the prime number before 13 is 11.
Answer: 11

3️⃣ Prime Number Multiplication Analogy

Example: 2 : 4 :: 3 : ?
Solution: $2 \times 2 = 4$ , and $3 \times 3 = 9$ .
Answer: 9

4️⃣ Sum of Two Prime Numbers Analogy

Example: 3 + 5 = 8 :: 7 + 11 = ?
Solution: $7 + 11 = 18$ .
Answer: 18

5️⃣ Prime Number Position Analogy

Example: 2 : 1 :: 11 : ?
Solution: 2 is the 1st prime number, and 11 is the 5th prime number.
Answer: 5

Shortcut Rules to Identify Prime Number Analogies:

✅ If the numbers are increasing or decreasing, check for next/previous prime numbers.
✅ If there is multiplication, check if both numbers are prime factors.
✅ If numbers are being added, check if they are sum of prime numbers.
✅ If positions matter, check the order of prime numbers (1st, 2nd, 3rd prime, etc.).

1. Arithmetic-Based Analogy

Q1: 6 : 18 :: 7 : ?
(A) 21
(B) 24
(C) 27
(D) 30

✅ Solution:
$6 \times 3 = 18$ , so $7 \times 3 = 21$
Answer: (A) 21

2. Square-Based Analogy

Q2: 4 : 16 :: 6 : ?
(A) 36
(B) 30
(C) 24
(D) 32

✅ Solution:
$4^2 = 16$ , so $6^2 = 36$
Answer: (A) 36

3. Cube-Based Analogy

Q3: 3 : 27 :: 4 : ?
(A) 64
(B) 81
(C) 49
(D) 16

✅ Solution:
$3^3 = 27$ , so $4^3 = 64$
Answer: (A) 64

4. Prime Number Analogy

Q4: 2 : 3 :: 5 : ?
(A) 6
(B) 7
(C) 9
(D) 11

✅ Solution:
Next prime number after 2 is 3, and after 5 is 7
Answer: (B) 7

5. Reverse Number Analogy

Q5: 21 : 12 :: 43 : ?
(A) 34
(B) 31
(C) 41
(D) 23

✅ Solution:
Reversing 21 → 12, so reversing 43 → 34
Answer: (A) 34

6. Sum of Digits Analogy

Q6: 35 : 8 :: 47 : ?
(A) 10
(B) 11
(C) 9
(D) 12

✅ Solution:
$3 + 5 = 8$ , so $4 + 7 = 11$
Answer: (B) 11

7. Alternating Sequence Analogy

Q7: 2, 5, 4, 9, 6, ?
(A) 11
(B) 12
(C) 13
(D) 14

✅ Solution:
Odd positions: $2, 4, 6$ (increasing by 2)
Even positions: $5, 9, ?$ (increasing by 4)
Next term = 9 + 4 = 13
Answer: (C) 13